A programming paradigm or system that does not enforce strict typing rules, allowing variables and expressions to be dynamically interpreted or coerced at runtime, often associated with dynamically typed languages.
"Languages like JavaScript are often considered typeless because they allow variables to change types dynamically."
A set of rules and constraints that governs the assignment, usage, and manipulation of data types within a programming language, ensuring type safety and enabling static analysis and optimization by compilers and tools.
"The type system of Haskell allows for powerful type inference and guarantees about program behavior."
A property of a programming language or system that prevents type errors, ensuring that operations and expressions are only performed on compatible data types, often catching type-related errors at compile time.
"Languages like Java and C# enforce type safety to prevent common programming errors."
A technique used in programming languages with generics or templates to remove type information during compilation, often used to ensure type safety and compatibility with older code or runtime environments.
"Type erasure allows Java's generics to achieve type safety without introducing runtime overhead."
type casting is the process of converting an expression from one data type to another
"In Rust, there are no implicit type conversions (coercions) between primitive types. However, explicit type conversions (casting) can be achieved using the `as` keyword."
An attribute of data which tells the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data.
"Common data types include integers, floating-point numbers, and strings."
A security process that requires users to provide two different authentication factors to verify their identity, typically combining something they know (e.g., a password) with something they have (e.g., a smartphone or hardware token), offering increased security compared to single-factor authentication methods.
"The bank implemented two-factor authentication to enhance the security of online banking transactions."
A data structure in Python used to store an immutable sequence of elements, often used to represent a fixed collection of related data.
"The function returned a tuple containing the result and the status code."
A finite ordered list or sequence of elements, often used to group related data together, commonly found in programming languages such as Python, Haskell, and Swift.
"The tuple containing the coordinates (x, y) represented a point in two-dimensional space."
In programming, a boolean value that represents a logical true state, typically used to indicate that a condition or expression is valid, correct, or satisfied.
"The if statement executed the block of code when the condition evaluated to true."
A malicious hardware device or component that appears to be a legitimate power source but is designed to exploit vulnerabilities or compromise the security of a computer system.
"The attacker planted a trojan power source in the charging station to steal sensitive data from connected devices."
A special type of stored procedure in a database management system that is automatically executed or fired in response to specific events or conditions, such as changes to data in a table.
"The trigger updated the inventory count whenever a product was sold."
A hierarchical data structure consisting of nodes connected by edges, where each node has a parent node and zero or more child nodes, often used to represent hierarchical relationships or nested data.
"The file system can be represented as a tree structure, with directories as nodes and files as leaves."
A data structure that simulates a hierarchical tree structure, with a root value and subtrees of children with a parent node.
"Binary trees are used in computer science for searching and sorting data efficiently."
A classic problem in combinatorial optimization and computer science where the goal is to find the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the origin city.
"The traveling salesman problem is an NP-hard problem with many real-world applications."
A type of compiler that translates source code from one programming language to another at the same level of abstraction, often used to enable compatibility or migrate code between languages.
"The Babel transpiler converted ES6 JavaScript code to ES5 for compatibility with older browsers."
The process of converting source code written in one programming language to another programming language with similar level of abstraction, typically used to target different execution environments or versions of a language.
"The TypeScript compiler transpiles TypeScript code to JavaScript for execution in web browsers."
In programming, a series of method or property calls chained together, often considered a code smell or anti-pattern because it can reduce readability and maintainability.
"The trainwreck of method calls made it difficult to understand the code."
A method of automatic memory management in programming languages where the runtime system keeps track of which objects are reachable and which are not by tracing references from root objects, reclaiming memory from unreachable objects.
"The language runtime used tracing garbage collection to automatically manage memory and prevent memory leaks."
A set of programming tools, libraries, and utilities used to develop software applications, typically including compilers, debuggers, build systems, and version control systems.
"The developer configured a toolchain for cross-compiling software for embedded systems."
A string of characters that represents a significant piece of data.
"In programming, tokens are the basic building blocks of source code, such as keywords, operators, and identifiers."
In software engineering, repetitive, manual, or tedious tasks that do not add value to a project or organization, often resulting in wasted time and effort.
"The team automated the deployment process to eliminate toil and free up time for more meaningful work."
A method commonly found in object-oriented programming languages that returns a string representation of an object, often used for debugging, logging, or displaying information to users.
"The toString method was overridden to provide a custom string representation of the object."
A terminal multiplexer for Unix-like operating systems that allows multiple virtual terminals to be accessed and managed from a single physical terminal, improving productivity and facilitating multitasking.
"He used tmux to create multiple sessions and work on several tasks simultaneously from a single terminal window."
A timezone is a region of the globe that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. It helps coordinate timekeeping across different locations by dividing the world into distinct time zones based on longitudinal lines.
"When scheduling meetings with international clients, it's important to consider the time zone differences to ensure everyone can participate at a suitable hour."
A technique used in computing to allow multiple users to share a single computer simultaneously by interleaving processes or tasks, providing the illusion of concurrent execution.
"Time-sharing systems allow multiple users to access the same computer resources concurrently."
An analysis of the computational resources required by an algorithm as a function of the size of the input, typically expressed using Big O notation to describe the worst-case behavior.
"The time complexity of the algorithm was O(n log n) in the worst case."
A software design anti-pattern where components are highly dependent on one another, making changes to one component require corresponding changes to other tightly coupled components.
"The tight coupling between the modules made it difficult to refactor the codebase."
A small piece of code that is used to defer the execution of a larger or more complex computation until it is needed, often used in lazy evaluation or asynchronous programming.
"The thunk encapsulated the asynchronous operation and deferred its execution."
A mechanism used in many programming languages to handle errors and exceptions, where an error condition is 'thrown' or raised and then 'caught' or handled by the appropriate exception handler.
"The try-catch block caught the exception and prevented the program from crashing."
The process of dividing a program into multiple simultaneous execution threads to improve performance, responsiveness, and resource utilization, often used in multi-threaded applications and parallel processing.
"The application used threading to handle multiple user requests concurrently."
A collection of pre-instantiated reusable threads that can be used to perform multiple tasks in parallel.
"Using a thread pool can significantly improve the performance of an application by reducing the overhead of thread creation and destruction."
The smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler.
"Multithreading allows a CPU to execute multiple threads concurrently, improving the performance of applications."
In computing, excessive or inefficient use of system resources, particularly memory or disk space, resulting in degraded performance or system instability.
"The application thrashed the disk due to excessive paging."
A normal form used in database normalization, where every non-prime attribute is non-transitively dependent on the primary key, aiming to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
"The database schema was designed to ensure that it adhered to third normal form."
A software application used for creating, editing, and managing plain text files, often used by programmers for writing code and markup.
"She opened a text editor to write the script for the website."
Software used to write and edit text, especially code for software development.
"Popular text editors for coding include Sublime Text, Atom, and Visual Studio Code."
A term used in software testing to describe a word or phrase used as input for testing, often chosen to represent a specific scenario or condition.
"The tester used the testing word 'password123' to verify the behavior of the login form."
A set of guidelines or rules used for creating and designing test cases.
"JUnit for Java and PyTest for Python are examples of testing frameworks that provide a structure for writing and executing tests."
The process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors.
"Testing is a crucial part of software development that helps improve the quality and reliability of the final product."
The process of evaluating a software application or system to ensure that it meets specified requirements, functions correctly, and produces the desired results under known conditions.
"The testing phase uncovered several usability issues in the user interface."
A person responsible for testing software applications or systems to identify defects, verify that they meet specified requirements, and ensure they function correctly.
"The tester reported several critical bugs in the latest build of the software."
A software development process that relies on the repetition of a short development cycle: first, writing a test case that defines a desired improvement or new function, then producing the minimum amount of code to pass that test.
"The team practiced test-driven development to ensure high code quality and maintainability."
A generic term for any object or component used in place of a real object or component for testing purposes, often including stubs, mocks, fakes, and dummies.
"The developer used a test double to simulate network communication in the unit test."
A procedure performed to verify that a software application or system meets specified requirements and functions correctly, often involving executing the software under controlled conditions and comparing actual results to expected results.
"The QA team conducted regression tests to ensure that recent changes did not introduce new bugs."
An operator that takes three operands and evaluates a boolean expression, returning one of two values depending on whether the expression is true or false, commonly used for conditional assignment or evaluation.
"The ternary operator '? :' is used to assign a value based on a condition."
An interface for text input and output to a computer, often used for executing commands and interacting with the operating system, typically accessed through a command-line interface (CLI).
"She opened a terminal window and entered the command to compile the program."
A conditional operator that provides a shorthand way to execute statements based on a boolean condition.
"In JavaScript, the tenary operator is used as `condition ? exprIfTrue : exprIfFalse;`."
A preformatted file that serves as the starting point for a new document.
"Templates are used in software development for creating a specific type of document without starting from scratch."
A concept in software development that represents the extra work that arises when code that is easy to implement in the short run is used instead of applying the best overall solution.
"The decision to skip unit tests resulted in technical debt that had to be addressed later in the project."
Short for technical debt, a metaphor that refers to the cumulative costs and consequences of design and implementation trade-offs made during software development, often resulting in increased complexity, reduced maintainability, or delayed features.
"The team prioritized paying down tech debt to improve code quality and developer productivity."
A tool or utility used to automate repetitive tasks or build processes in software development, often used for compiling code, running tests, and deploying applications.
"The project used Grunt as a task runner to automate build processes."
A file format used to archive multiple files into a single file, often compressed using gzip or bzip2 compression algorithms, commonly used for distributing software packages.
"The developer created a tarball containing the project source code."
An optimization technique used by compilers to optimize recursive function calls by reusing the current stack frame, reducing the risk of stack overflow and improving performance.
"The compiler performed tail call optimization to optimize recursive functions."
A term used to describe the minimum requirements or qualifications needed to participate or compete in a particular endeavor, often used in business contexts.
"Having a website is table stakes for businesses in the modern digital economy."
A data structure used to store related data in rows and columns, where each row represents a record and each column represents a field or attribute.
"The database table contained information about customers, including their names and addresses."
A superset of JavaScript developed by Microsoft that adds optional static typing and other features to the language, aiming to enhance developer productivity and code maintainability.
"The team adopted TypeScript to catch type errors early in the development process."
A term used to describe a system or language that is capable of performing any computation that a Turing machine can, often used in the context of programming languages and computational models.
"Lambda calculus is Turing-complete, meaning it can express any computable function."
A test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human, proposed by Alan Turing in 1950 as a criterion for determining whether a machine can demonstrate human-like intelligence or consciousness.
"The Turing test is often used in discussions about artificial intelligence and the philosophy of mind."
A theoretical model of computation that defines an abstract machine capable of manipulating symbols on an infinitely long tape according to a set of rules, proposed by Alan Turing in 1936 as a way to formalize the concept of algorithm and computation.
"The Turing machine is a fundamental concept in theoretical computer science and the foundation of modern computing."
A glossary of computer programmer slang that originated in the early days of the computer science community at MIT and Stanford.
"The Jargon File contains a comprehensive compendium of hacker slang illuminating many aspects of hackish tradition, folklore, and humor."
Tailwind CSS is a utility-first CSS framework for building modern web interfaces. It streamlines the styling process by providing a set of pre-designed utility classes for rapid and flexible UI development.
"I love using Tailwind CSS to quickly style my web projects without having to write custom CSS from scratch."
TUI stands for Text-based User Interface, which refers to a user interface that relies primarily on text and keyboard input for interaction, often found in command-line interfaces or text-based applications. It provides a way for users to interact with software through textual commands and responses.
"A TUI example is navigating and managing files in a terminal window using commands like 'cd' and 'ls'."
A mechanism used in computer networking and DNS to specify the lifespan or expiration time of data in a cache or packet, often expressed as a numerical value representing seconds or hops.
"The TTL for DNS records determines how long they are cached by DNS resolvers."
Transport Layer Security, a cryptographic protocol used to secure communication over a computer network, providing privacy, data integrity, and authentication.
"TLS encrypts data transmitted between a web server and a client to prevent eavesdropping and tampering."
Time Limit Exceeded, an error message commonly seen in competitive programming contests when a solution exceeds the maximum allowed time for execution.
"The algorithm failed to solve the problem within the time limit and resulted in a TLE."
Three-Letter Acronym, a term used humorously to describe the abundance of acronyms and abbreviations in technical fields, often causing confusion for those not familiar with the terminology.
"The presentation was full of TLAs, making it difficult for non-technical stakeholders to understand."
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet, providing reliable and end-to-end communication.
"TCP/IP is the foundation of the internet and is used for transmitting data between devices."
A standard that defines how to establish and maintain a network conversation through which application programs can exchange data.
"TCP works with the Internet Protocol (IP), which defines how computers send packets of data to each other."
A financial estimate that helps consumers and businesses determine the total cost of acquiring, operating, and maintaining a product or service over its entire lifecycle.
"The IT department calculated the TCO for upgrading the company's servers."
