A colloquial term used to describe the higher-level software environment or user space of an operating system, where user applications, utilities, and processes run, often contrasted with the kernel or system space.
"The userland of the Linux operating system includes command-line utilities, graphical desktop environments, and user applications."
A user agent is a string of text sent by a web browser to identify itself and its capabilities to web servers. It helps websites tailor their content and functionality based on the type of browser and device accessing the site.
"When troubleshooting website compatibility issues, developers often inspect the user agent string to understand which browsers and devices are accessing the site."
An individual or entity that interacts with a software application, system, or service to perform tasks, access information, or accomplish goals, often distinguished from administrators, developers, or other stakeholders.
"The user logged in to the website to update their profile information."
A directive in JavaScript that enables strict mode, a stricter set of rules and restrictions for writing JavaScript code, aimed at preventing common programming errors and enhancing security by prohibiting certain unsafe or deprecated features.
"'use strict'; at the beginning of a script enables strict mode for the entire script."
A memory corruption vulnerability in software applications where memory that has been deallocated or freed is subsequently accessed, potentially leading to unexpected behavior, crashes, or security vulnerabilities such as remote code execution.
"The use after free bug allowed attackers to execute arbitrary code on the victim's system."
In software development and version control, the original source repository or branch from which changes or updates are pulled or merged, typically used in distributed version control systems like Git.
"The developer pushed his changes upstream to the main repository for review and integration."
A database operation that inserts a new record if it does not exist or updates an existing record if it does, combining the behaviors of 'insert' and 'update' into a single operation, often used to maintain data integrity and consistency.
"The upsert operation added a new customer record if it didn't exist or updated the existing record with new information."
A type conversion in object-oriented programming where an object of a subclass is treated as an object of its superclass, often used implicitly in polymorphic code to enable abstraction and dynamic behavior.
"Upcasting allows treating a derived class object as a base class object in C++."
A data type used to represent whole numbers greater than or equal to zero, typically in binary form, without a sign bit to represent negative numbers, resulting in a larger positive range compared to signed integers.
"The unsigned integer data type in C can represent values from 0 to 65535."
A family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix.
"Unix is known for its portability, flexibility, and robustness and is widely used in servers, workstations, and mobile devices."
In type theory and functional programming, a type that has only one value, often denoted as '()', 'Unit', or 'void', typically used to represent the absence of meaningful information or as a placeholder in type signatures.
"The unit type in Haskell is used to represent computations that produce no meaningful result."
A software testing method by which individual units of source code are tested to determine whether they are fit for use.
"Unit testing ensures that each part of the code performs as expected before the software is assembled into a whole."
A software testing technique where individual units or components of a software application are tested in isolation, typically using automated testing frameworks or tools to verify their correctness and functionality.
"The developer wrote unit tests to verify the behavior of each function in the module."
An early form of data processing equipment used in the mid-20th century, consisting of machines such as punch card readers, sorters, and tabulators, commonly used for tasks like data entry, sorting, and printing.
"Unit record equipment played a significant role in early data processing and computing."
A graph in which edges have no orientation or direction, meaning they connect two vertices without implying any inherent flow or order, often used to model relationships or connections between entities.
"The social network graph was represented as an undirected graph, with users as vertices and friendships as edges."
An operator that operates on a single operand, often used to perform simple transformations or calculations, such as negation or incrementation.
"The '-' symbol is a unary operator used for negation in arithmetic expressions."
An operator that takes a single operand/argument and performs an operation.
"The unary negation operator '-' inverts the sign of a number, while the unary plus operator '+' returns the numeric representation of an object."
A family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, developed in the 1970s at Bell Labs, known for its simplicity, modularity, and powerful command-line interface.
"Unix-based operating systems like Linux and macOS are widely used in servers, workstations, and embedded systems."
A cross-platform game engine developed by Unity Technologies for creating 2D, 3D, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) games and interactive experiences.
"The game was developed using Unity and deployed on multiple platforms."
A specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that provides the means to locate a resource on the internet by specifying its address, often consisting of a protocol (such as HTTP or HTTPS), a domain name, and a path to the resource.
"The URL 'https://www.example.com/index.html' points to a web page on the example.com domain."
A computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems, providing a unique code point for every character, symbol, and emoji.
"Unicode supports characters from multiple languages and scripts, making it a universal character encoding standard."
Ubuntu is a popular Linux distribution known for its user-friendly interface and extensive community support, offering a versatile platform for both desktop and server environments.
"Ubuntu is fully translated into over 50 languages and includes essential assistive technologies."
The overall experience and satisfaction a user derives from interacting with a software application, system, or service, encompassing usability, accessibility, performance, aesthetics, and other factors that influence user perceptions and behaviors.
"The UX of the mobile app was carefully designed to provide a seamless and intuitive experience for users."
The overall experience of a person using a product such as a website or computer application, especially in terms of how easy or pleasing it is to use.
"UX design focuses on optimizing the user experience in interacting with digital products to ensure they are user-friendly and intuitive."
The address of a resource on the internet.
"URLs specify the location of a web page and how to retrieve it, such as `http://www.example.com`."
A string of characters used to identify a resource on the internet, typically consisting of a protocol (such as HTTP or FTP), a domain name, and a path to the resource.
"The URI 'https://www.example.com/index.html' identifies a web page on the example.com domain."
A string of characters that unambiguously identifies a particular resource.
"URIs enable the identification of resources on the internet or within a network, such as web pages, documents, and images"
Unified Modeling Language, a standardized modeling language used in software engineering to visually represent system designs, architectures, and relationships between components.
"The architect created UML diagrams to document the system architecture and communicate design decisions to stakeholders."
A framework provided by Apple for building user interfaces in iOS and tvOS applications, providing a set of pre-designed components, views, and controls for creating interactive and visually appealing interfaces.
"The developer used UIKit to design and implement the user interface of the mobile app."
User Interface and User Experience, two closely related disciplines in design and software development that focus on creating intuitive, visually appealing interfaces and optimizing the overall user experience.
"The company invested in improving UI UX to increase user satisfaction and retention."
The point of interaction between a user and a computer system, typically consisting of graphical elements such as windows, menus, buttons, and controls, designed to facilitate user input and feedback.
"The UI of the application was intuitive and user-friendly, allowing users to easily navigate and perform tasks."
The means by which the user and a computer system interact, in particular the use of input devices and software.
"A well-designed UI can make software easy and intuitive to use, enhancing the user experience."
A term used in programming language specifications to describe the behavior of a program or operation that is not defined by the language standard, often leading to unpredictable or inconsistent results.
"Accessing a null pointer in C or C++ results in undefined behavior."
The final phase of the software testing process, where actual software users test the software to make sure it can handle required tasks in real-world scenarios.
"UAT is crucial for ensuring the software meets business needs and is user-friendly before it goes live."
