A program or subroutine that performs lexical analysis, converting a sequence of characters into a sequence of tokens.

"The lexer, or lexical analyzer, breaks down the source code into meaningful symbols that the parser can understand."

In testing, a simplified implementation of an interface that simulates its behavior in a controlled way.

"Fakes are used in unit testing to mimic the behavior of real objects in order to test the functionality of a single unit of code in isolation."

An open standard for access delegation, commonly used as a way for Internet users to grant websites or applications access to their information on other websites but without giving them the passwords.

"OAuth allows users to log into third-party websites with their Google, Facebook, or Twitter accounts without exposing their password."

A decentralized dependency manager for Objective-C and Swift Cocoa projects.

"Carthage is used to manage libraries for iOS and macOS projects, allowing developers to build their dependencies and include them in their Xcode projects."

The process of making a system, design, or decision as effective or functional as possible, especially the mathematical processes of making some design as effective or functional as possible.

"Code optimization involves refining algorithms to improve efficiency, reduce resource consumption, and speed up execution times."